Konstruksi Dalālah al-Alfāẓ dalam Mazhab Hanafi: Analisis Metodologis terhadap Penafsiran dan Penetapan Hukum Islam

Abstract

Dalālah al-alfāẓ is a fundamental concept in uṣūl al-fiqh that explains how linguistic expressions in the Qur'an and Sunnah indicate meanings and legal rulings. Within the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence, this concept is characterized by four principal categories: ‘Ibārah al-Naṣṣ, Isyārah al-Naṣṣ, Dalālah al-Naṣṣ, and Iqtiḍā’ al-Naṣṣ. This study aims to examine the concept of dalālah al-alfāẓ, analyze the characteristics and interpretative mechanisms of its four categories, and explore their relevance to the development of contemporary Islamic legal thought. Employing a qualitative approach, this research adopts a library-based methodology with a descriptive-analytical design. Data were collected through a critical examination of classical and contemporary literature on legal interpretation within the Hanafi tradition and analyzed using descriptive, interpretative, and comparative methods. The findings demonstrate that the four categories represent distinct yet complementary mechanisms of textual indication in the process of istinbāṭ al-aḥkām. ‘Ibārah al-Naṣṣ derives rulings from explicit textual meanings; Isyārah al-Naṣṣ identifies implicit meanings arising from textual structure; Dalālah al-Naṣṣ extends legal rulings to cases sharing the same underlying meaning; while Iqtiḍā’ al-Naṣṣ identifies meanings necessarily required for the coherent interpretation of a text. This study highlights that the Hanafi methodology provides a systematic framework for legal interpretation by integrating textual authority, linguistic analysis, and juristic reasoning. Such a framework remains relevant to addressing contemporary legal challenges while preserving the normative foundations of the Qur'an and Sunnah.