Retraction & Correction

The Journal of Social, Educational, and Religious Studies is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. When errors or ethical concerns are identified in published articles, the journal will take appropriate action in a transparent and timely manner.

Corrections (Erratum or Corrigendum)

A correction may be issued when a published article contains errors that affect clarity, accuracy, or understanding but do not invalidate the overall findings.

Examples include:

· Author name or affiliation errors

· Minor mistakes in data presentation

· Typographical errors affecting interpretation

Corrections will be linked to the original article and clearly identified.

Retraction

A retraction may be issued when a published article is found to contain serious problems that invalidate its results or conclusions.

Reasons for retraction may include:

· Plagiarism

· Data fabrication or falsification

· Major methodological errors

· Unethical research practices

· Duplicate publication

Retracted articles will remain accessible for the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as retracted.

Expression of Concern

If serious allegations arise but conclusive evidence is not yet available, the journal may publish an expression of concern while an investigation is ongoing.

Investigation Process

The editorial team will review allegations carefully and may contact authors, reviewers, or institutions when necessary. Decisions are guided by international ethical publishing standards.