Retraction & Correction

Journal of Learning Innovation and Educational Technology (JLIET)

The Journal of Learning Innovation and Educational Technology (JLIET) is committed to maintaining the integrity, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. When errors, ethical concerns, or research misconduct are identified in published articles, the journal will take appropriate action through corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions in accordance with internationally recognized publishing standards and the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Corrections

A correction may be issued when a published article contains minor errors that do not invalidate the overall findings, conclusions, or integrity of the research.

Examples include:

  • Typographical errors affecting interpretation.
  • Errors in author affiliations.
  • Incorrect author information.
  • Minor inaccuracies in figures, tables, or references.
  • Errors introduced during the editorial or production process.

When a correction is necessary, the journal will publish a formal correction notice that clearly identifies:

  • The original article.
  • The nature of the error.
  • The corrected information.

The correction notice will be linked to the original article to ensure transparency.

Author Corrections

Authors who discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work are expected to promptly notify the Editorial Office.

Authors should provide:

  • A detailed explanation of the error.
  • Supporting evidence where necessary.
  • The proposed correction.

The Editorial Team will evaluate the request and determine the appropriate course of action.

Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be published when:

  • There is evidence of potential research misconduct.
  • An investigation is ongoing.
  • The validity of the findings is uncertain.
  • Sufficient information is not yet available to support a correction or retraction.

The Expression of Concern will remain associated with the article until the issue is resolved.

Retraction Policy

Retraction is used to correct the scholarly record and alert readers to articles containing seriously flawed or unreliable content.

An article may be retracted if:

Research Misconduct

  • Data fabrication.
  • Data falsification.
  • Manipulation of research results.

Plagiarism

  • Substantial plagiarism.
  • Self-plagiarism resulting in redundant publication.
  • Unauthorized use of copyrighted materials.

Duplicate Publication

  • Simultaneous publication in multiple journals.
  • Republishing substantially similar content without disclosure.

Unethical Research Practices

  • Lack of required ethical approval.
  • Violation of participant rights.
  • Failure to obtain informed consent where required.

Serious Errors

  • Major methodological errors.
  • Significant analytical mistakes.
  • Findings that are proven to be unreliable.

Retraction Procedures

When concerns are raised regarding a published article, the Editorial Team will:

  1. Conduct a preliminary assessment.
  2. Contact the author(s) for clarification.
  3. Review relevant evidence and documentation.
  4. Consult reviewers, editorial board members, or institutions when necessary.
  5. Make a decision based on the available evidence and ethical guidelines.

The final decision rests with the Editor-in-Chief.

Retraction Notice

If an article is retracted:

  • The original article will remain accessible online to preserve the scholarly record.
  • The article will be clearly marked as "Retracted."
  • A formal retraction notice will be published.
  • The retraction notice will explain the reason for the retraction.
  • Retraction notices will be freely accessible and permanently linked to the original article.

The journal will not remove published articles except in extraordinary legal circumstances.

Article Withdrawal Before Publication

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before publication.

A manuscript may also be withdrawn by the Editorial Office if:

  • Evidence of misconduct is identified during review.
  • Duplicate submission is discovered.
  • Significant ethical concerns arise.
  • Authors fail to respond to editorial communications within a reasonable period.

Removal of Published Articles

JLIET generally preserves all published content as part of the permanent scholarly record.

Article removal will occur only under exceptional circumstances, such as:

  • Court orders or legal requirements.
  • Defamation or infringement of legal rights.
  • Serious risks to public safety.

In such cases, bibliographic information and a removal notice will remain available.

Integrity of the Scholarly Record

JLIET is committed to preserving the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly literature. All corrections, expressions of concern, retractions, and removals will be handled transparently and in accordance with internationally recognized ethical publishing standards.